How to Create a Buyer Persona in 9 Steps + Free Template

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A buyer persona is a categorical description of a fictitious ideal buyer. It typically shares the individual’s demographics, hobbies and interests, goals, and other important intel that businesses can use to make strategic decisions about marketing, sales, and product. Salespeople, in particular, use buyer personas to spot high quality leads who will stay with their brand for a long time and also to craft messaging that speaks to those leads' needs and interests.

How Buyer Personas Work

B2B and B2C businesses craft buyer personas so they can better understand their ideal buyers, then they use that knowledge to find lookalike leads and sell and market to them effectively. A high-quality buyer persona is often a brief document containing 5–8 sections of info based on current or target customer interviews, surveys, and social and CRM data. The persona usually also incorporates the hard data from their customer profile, which describes a company’s customer base as a whole. 

A buyer persona typically includes the following key sections:

The first step to creating a buyer persona is finalizing your customer profile via interviews, surveys, and online research. Next, you'll choose the categories you want to include in your buyer persona and start filling them out using additional research and interviews. If you sell to more than one type of buyer, you might create multiple personas so you can tailor your messaging. Also, consider making negative personas describing leads you don’t want so you can disqualify bad leads.

Free Buyer Persona Template

We created a free general buyer persona template that includes sections for an ideal buyer’s demographics, hobbies and interests, goals, challenges, fears, and communication channels — all the vital elements. You can download this template and use it directly to create a persona or simply reference it as a guide. Feel free to add sections or questions that relate to the information you specifically want to know about your ideal buyer — the details that help them sell effectively.

9 Steps to Create a Buyer Persona

There is a specific step-by-step process you can follow to create an effective buyer persona. It begins with finalizing your customer profile using customer research. From there, choose which persona categories to include and conduct some interviews with current or ideal customers to fill out the buyer persona. Lastly, name the persona and create some sales messaging around it to improve your lead generation process. Let’s go over each step using our filled-out free template.

1. Complete Your Customer Profile

A customer profile is a data-backed list of your customers' general traits. It includes data about their demographics, psychographics, behavior, geographics, firmographics, and technographics. You’ll be able to use your customer profile to fill out your buyer persona. For example, if your profile lists your customers’ values as “being outdoors,” one of your hobbies in the buyer persona could be specifically “skiing.”

To create your customer profile, follow these steps: 

1. Select a Segment of Customers: It’s often a good idea to do a customer profile on one group of customers. For example, you might profile the customers for one specific product. This way you’ll understand how to identify ideal customers for that product. 
2. Choose Your Profile’s Categories: Select what information you want to collect about your customers. This will guide your research. You can also use a template that gives you categories to start with.
3. Collect Data About Your Customers: Send out customer surveys, use lead intelligence or customer analysis tools, conduct client interviews, and study your customers’ online behavior to uncover commonalities. 
4. Fill in the Profile: Complete your customer profile. If you found 20% were VPs and 80% CEOs, put that in the job title field. If a significant portion of your companies were over 10,000 employees, write >10,000 in the size field in your firmographics section. 

A customer profile not only helps you create your buyer persona. It also enables you to understand your customers on a deeper level. With the hard data on your customers, you’ll be able to enact more targeted marketing and sales campaigns. We therefore recommend handling the profile before the persona. But, if you just want to create a persona, you can do that too, as long as you collect ideal buyer information as you flesh one out.

2. Choose Your Persona’s Categories & Subcategories

Pick categories and subcategories (i.e., the questions you’ll ask) to include in your buyer persona. Select ones that uncover information that you need to more effectively qualify and sell to leads. Most companies use demographics, hobbies and interests, goals, challenges, fears, and communication channels, but feel free to add more sections as needed. For example, a financial services business might add a financial section describing spending habits, wealth, and more.

To speed up the process, you can also use buyer persona templates, which are fill-in-the-blank documents that prompt you to answer questions about your buyer. They often contain sections for demographics, hobbies and interests, challenges, goals, fears, and communication channels, but can also contain industry or scenario-specific sections.

3. Conduct Interviews With Your Ideal Customers

Even if you’ve already interviewed some customers for your customer profile, more data can only help, and the buyer persona includes certain sections like goals and challenges that you may not have asked about in customer profile interviews. Time to fill in the gaps. To start, schedule phone or video interviews with ideal customers, ask questions according to your subcategories, and analyze the answers to find commonalities so you create the most accurate snapshot of an ideal buyer.

Here are the steps for interviewing your current or ideal customers: 

1. Pick Customers to Interview: The more the merrier. If you’re interviewing current clients, pick ones who are easy to work with. If your business is new and doesn't have many customers yet, interview potential buyers that have attributes your business deems valuable. 
2. Write Down Questions to Ask: Select at least two questions to ask for each category. One could be as simple as “What are your three biggest challenges?” for ideal customers or “What were your three biggest challenges before working with us?” for current customers.
3. Conduct the Interview: Introduce yourself, thank them for taking the time, and start asking your questions. Close the interview by asking if they need anything from you.  
4. Analyze the Answers to Find Commonalities: Sift through the answers and find the most common ones. You can use these to fill out your buyer persona in the following steps.

If you’re a new business and need to interview potential customers instead of current ones, create a simple, rough draft persona based on online market and/or competitor research. It could even just list their job title. Then, tap into your network or search online (such as LinkedIn) for people who seem like the rough persona, and ask if they’d be willing to answer a few questions. Use their answers to update and edit the rough draft in the following steps.

4. Fill In the Demographics Section

The demographics section should be easy to fill out using the information you gathered for your customer profile, your buyer persona interviews, and/or your CRM. Pick an age, gender, occupation, location, and education level for your buyer persona. If you’ve received multiple answers, such as three common occupations, pick the one that pops up most often, or that is most ideal for your business. For ranges like age, pick somewhere in the middle between the two extremes.

Specifically, consider these three sources when filling out demographics:

• Your Customer Profile: Take a look at your demographics section and consider the multiple answers or ranges for each section. You’ll have to pick one for a buyer persona since it describes a single person, but this is a great place to start.
• Buyer Persona Interviews: Consider the most common answers you’ve received. For example, if the “age” section of your customer profile lists 24–40 but most people you’ve recently interviewed were 30 years old, that’s a good answer for your buyer persona.
• Your CRM Data: Create a report of customers who fit your ideal buyer qualifications (perhaps a certain revenue per year) and find the common data points.  

More than anything, the demographics section will help you visualize an actual person. Plus, details like education level might affect the level of complexity of your sales writing or other messaging.

Here's an example of a filled-out demographics section using our free template:

5. Include the Buyer’s Hobbies & Interests

Next, fill in the hobbies and interests section, which will include such fields as the buyer’s hobbies, interests, ideal vacation, favorite TV shows and books, and other details about how they spend their time outside of work. Most of these answers will come from your customer interviews or customer profile. But, once again, you may have to do more to fill in the gaps.

Below are some other ways to find information about your ideal buyer’s hobbies and interests:

• Twitter Analytics: Click your Twitter business page's profile picture, then choose Twitter analytics. Click Followers, and Twitter will show your followers' interests and who they follow. 
• Facebook Audience Insights: Learn about your Facebook business page's followers using Facebook Audience Insights. You can find data like which other pages they like and follow. 
• Google Analytics: With this tool, you can analyze interest data about your target audience. 

If you’re a B2C business, this can be a valuable section, since you might be selling products that enhance a customer’s experience during certain hobbies, like a hiking pole or a golf club. If you’re a B2B company, at the very least, knowing your ideal buyer’s lifestyle helps you relate to your target buyer by easily finding avenues for connection. And increased rapport can lead to sales.

6. Write About Your Buyer’s Motivations & Problems

Using the most popular answers from your customer interviews, list three goals, three challenges, and three fears that your buyer experiences — these make up your buyer's motivations. Knowing what motivates a buyer to take action will help you to create content and sales messaging that influences your leads to buy your solution or take a meeting. 

Sometimes it helps to create connections between the three types of motivations. For example, goal 1 could be hitting quota, challenge 1 could be poor quality leads, and fear 1 could be losing the respect of upper management. You can then mention all three in a sales email, thereby involving three of their emotions: hope, frustration, and worry. Knowing the inner workings of your potential buyers’ minds helps you position your solution in a way that speaks to their souls.

7. Describe Your Buyer’s Communication Channels

Write down how, when, and where your buyers spend their time online and prefer to communicate. This data, which you can find through interviews and surveys, helps you choose where to run ad campaigns and how to do your cold outreach. For example, if your buyers are all over Instagram, it’s a good idea to run ads there. If they’re averse to taking phone calls from strangers, you’d likely email. This understanding will make successful communication more likely.

Another way to find out what communication channels your buyers prefer and use is by analyzing your CRM and marketing automation software data. These track communication history with your customers and may also inform you on what pages they visit, what blog posts they read, how they usually reach out to your sales team, and more.

8. Name Your Buyer Persona

Finally, give your character life by naming them using the following formula: {Crucial Attribute + First Name}. A crucial attribute in B2B would likely be their job title or authority. Influencer Ingrid would represent those in target companies without decision-making power but influence over upper management. In B2C, the attribute might be a favorite hobby, life stage, or other factors that suggest their main need. Marathon Mark, for example, needs help running his marathon. 

Here are some example buyer persona names: 

• CEO Clark
• Decision-Maker Daniel
• Marketing Manager Marilyn 
• College Graduate Gary 
• First-Time Car Buyer Bill
• Environmentalist Erin

Aside from sounding pleasant, alliteration helps the names stick in the mind. The main point of naming your buyer persona is to make them feel alive and real. And, if you’re practicing cold calling this buyer persona, it helps to have a name to use. Plus, you can use these names as the title so reps and marketers can easily find the online document when they need it.

9. Craft Sales Messaging for Your Buyer Persona

Now that your buyer persona is complete, craft or update messaging that you can use to talk with this type of lead. Here are some types of sales resources to create for this specific ideal buyer:

• Unique Selling Proposition: To start, create a unique selling proposition (USP) that will relate to this ideal buyer. It should be 1–2 sentences long and tell them how your business is different from and better than the competition. 
• Sales and Elevator Pitch: Expanding on your USP, create a sales pitch and a shorter elevator pitch that positions the product or service as something this buyer would love to have. Show them how it helps them overcome challenges, reach their goals, and flush away their fears.
• Cold Email Sequence: Write out a series of 3–4 cold emails that work together to open up a sales conversation with a new lead.
• Cold Call Script: Craft a cold call script that speaks to the challenges your ideal buyers face and the interests they have. 

You might also want to get into the weeds regarding the lingo you should use when talking to this type of buyer. For example, in property management, NYC managers call tenants what managers from certain states call residents. This refined messaging will give you a better chance of connecting with and sparking interest in your leads.

Top 4 Buyer Persona Examples

Below are four examples of buyer personas — we've created these examples by filling out our own free buyer persona templates (you can download the fresh templates in our buyer persona templates article). Peruse these examples to get a sense of what a finished buyer persona looks like.

Comprehensive B2B Example

Comprehensive B2C Example

Quick & Simple B2B Example

Quick & Simple B2C Example

The below B2B buyer persona example contains many of the key sections like goals, fears, and challenges, while also including a section for job responsibilities to help sellers better understand what this professional does on a daily basis at their company.

Comprehensive B2B buyer persona example

Below is a B2C buyer persona example that includes all the necessary sections of an effective buyer persona: Demographics, goals, fears, challenges, hobbies & interests, and communication channels. To create it, we filled out our B2C persona template for a fictional financial advisor.

Comprehensive B2C buyer persona example

This B2B buyer persona example is an abridged version of the more detailed version to the left. A short-form handout like this might rest on a salesperson’s desk as they place cold calls or talk with prospects. It captures the most crucial details like a person’s motivations. However, since it lacks information about a person’s job responsibilities or communication channels, it’s probably not suitable for ad or marketing strategy.

Quick & simple B2B buyer persona example

Below is an example of a buyer persona that B2C businesses might create as a handout that’s short and sweet, making it easy to reference. It includes most of the important details like the person’s challenges, goals, and fears, but leaves out some other factors that might be more pertinent to marketing decisions. This type of persona is better suited for salespeople who need a quick refresher on a specific type of buyer.

Quick & simple B2C buyer persona example

When creating your buyer persona, examples like the above are excellent resources. They can provide inspiration for your writing, structure, categories, and more. That said, there are also online tools you can use to help you craft an effective persona.

Best Tools for Building a Buyer Persona

There are various online tools that can support you in the different steps involved in making your buyer persona. For instance, SurveyMonkey and Zoom can help you gather information about your ideal buyers, and HubSpot’s Make My Persona tool can help you quickly input your findings into a professional looking document.

Consider where you currently hold data and how you'd like to collect more for your buyer personas, then look into these tools or others that you believe will help you do so efficiently.

Benefits of Creating a Buyer Persona

Marketers and salespeople can use buyer personas to their advantage in a variety of ways. They can use them to spot higher-quality leads, qualify them more quickly, and close deals faster with personalized customer journeys and messaging. Plus, retaining customers will be easier as well, since you know what makes them tick. Not to mention, this document will help new reps quickly learn about their target prospects.

A buyer persona is a valuable resource that helps in many domains of your business, from sales and marketing to product and customer service. Remember to consistently update your persona when new and relevant customer information arises so that your understanding of your ideal buyer is always fresh and up to date.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Bottom Line: Buyer Persona

A buyer persona is a document that describes a potential buyer of your product or service and often shares their demographics, hobbies, interests, challenges, fears, and goals. Marketers and salespeople use it as a means to improve their understanding of their buyers and, in turn, their lead generation and nurturing efforts. The most effective persona will be the one based on the most accurate data, so get out there and start interviewing and surveying your customers.